Ruby Mander Alizarin inyowani Winsor & Newton ruvara rwakagadzirwa nezvakanakira synthetic alizarin.Takawanazve ruvara urwu mudura redu, uye mubhuku reruvara kubva muna 1937, vekemesitiri vedu vakasarudza kuyedza kuenzanisa iyi ine simba-ine rima-hued Alizarin Lake akasiyana.
Tichine zvinyorwa zveBritish colourist George Field;anozivikanwa nekushanda pamwe chete nemuvambi wedu pakuumbwa kwemavara.Mushure mekunge Munda wagadzira hunyanzvi hwekuita kuti ruvara rwemadder rugare kwenguva refu, kumwezve kuyedza kwakaitwa kugadzira mamwe marudzi akanaka emhuka, iyo pigment huru iri alizarin.
Mudzi wezvakajairwa madder (Rubia tinctorum) wakarimwa uye wakashandiswa kudhayi machira kweanoda kusvika zviuru zvishanu zvemakore, kunyangwe zvakatora nguva isati yashandiswa mupende.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kushandisa madder se pigment, unofanirwa kutanga washandura dhayi inonyungudika mumvura kuita musanganiswa usinganyungudika nekuisanganisa nesimbi yemunyu.
Kana ichinge isina kunyungudika, inogona kuomeswa uye yakaomeswa yakasara pasi uye yakasanganiswa nepakati pepende, senge chero mineral pigment.Iyi inodaidzwa kuti lake pigment uye inyanzvi inoshandiswa kugadzira mavara mazhinji kubva muchirimwa kana mhuka.
Mamwe emadziva ekutanga emadziva akawanikwa pahari yeCypriot kubva ku8th Century BC.Madziva eMadder akashandiswawo mumifananidzo yakawanda yeRomano-Egyptian mummy.MuEuropean pendi, madder ainyanya kushandiswa mukati me17th ne18th Century.Nekuda kwekujeka kwe pigment, madhamu emadziva aigara achishandiswa kupenya
Nzira yakajairika ndeyekuisa madder glaze pamusoro pe vermilion kugadzira crimson inopenya.Iyi nzira inogona kuonekwa mumifananidzo yakawanda yaVermeer, yakadai seMusikana ane Red Riding Hood (c. 1665).Zvinotoshamisa ndezvokuti kune mashoma mabikirwo enhoroondo emadhamu emadziva.Chimwe chikonzero cheizvi chingave chekuti, muzviitiko zvakawanda, madder dhayi haabvi mumiti, asi kubva kune yakatodhayiwa machira.
Pakazosvika 1804, George Field akanga agadzira nzira iri nyore yekubvisa dhayi kubva kumidzi yemadder uye madder munyanza, zvichiita kuti pigment iwedzere kugadzikana.Izwi rekuti "madder" rinogona kuwanikwa kutsanangura huwandu hwemithunzi tsvuku, kubva kune brown kusvika kune yepepuru kusvika kune yebhuruu.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mavara akapfuma edhayi dzemadder mhedzisiro yekusanganiswa kwakaoma kwemavara.
Chiyero chemavara aya chinogona kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakawanda, kubva kurudzi rwemadder chirimwa chinoshandiswa, ivhu rinorimwa chirimwa, kuti midzi inochengetwa sei uye inogadziriswa sei.Mukuwedzera, ruvara rwekupedzisira madder pigment runobatwawo nesimbi yemunyu inoshandiswa kuita kuti isanyungudika.
Muongorori wemakemikari weBritish William Henry Perkin akagadzwa pachinzvimbo ichi muna 1868 nemasayendisiti echiGerman Graebe naLieberman, avo vaive nemvumo yekuumba alizarin zuva rakapfuura.Iyi ndiyo yekutanga yekugadzira pigment yepanyama.Imwe yemabhenefiti akakosha ekuita izvi ndeyekuti synthetic alizarin inodhura isingasviki hafu yemutengo weyakasikwa alizarin dziva, uye ine zvirinani kujeka.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvirimwa zvemadder zvinotora makore matatu kusvika mashanu kuti zvisvike pakukwanisa kweruvara rwazvo, zvichiteverwa nemaitiro akareba uye anopedza nguva kubvisa madhayi azvo.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-25-2022